Fuzzy normed linear spaces extend conventional normed spaces by integrating a degree of imprecision through fuzzy set theory, thereby quantifying uncertainty in the measurement of vector magnitude.

We develop a theory of ordered *-vector spaces with an order unit. We prove fundamental results concerning positive linear functionals and states, and we show that the order (semi)norm on the space of ...

Recently developed information retrieval technologies are based on the concept of a vector space. Data are modeled as a matrix, and a user's query of the database is represented as a vector. Relevant ...

How Google Converted Language Translation Into a Problem of Vector Space Mathematics To translate one language into another, find the linear transformation that maps one to the other.