When evaluating shrinking metal linewidths in advanced semiconductor devices, bulk resistivity is not the sole materials property for deriving electrical resistance. At smaller line dimensions, local ...

Transparent conductive thin films are crucial in various semiconductor devices, including solar cells, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and sensors. Indium tin oxide (ITO) ...

For the design of reliable power grounding systems for critical electrical infrastructure, soil resistivity investigation is crucial. However, soil resistivity depends on various geotechnical ...