A new study analyzes the peculiar cranial structure and variability of the best-known species of South American howler monkey, Alouatta seniculus, using geometric models in three dimensions and ...

An extraordinarily well-preserved skull of the Uintan brontothere genus Metarhinus, supplemented by a second, less complete specimen, permits a detailed description of the cranial anatomy, including ...

Also known as CN1, the olfactory nerve is the first of 12 cranial nerves located within the head. It relays sensory data to the brain, and it is responsible for the sense of smell. The nerve’s ...

The abducens nerve is also known as the abducent or sixth cranial nerve (CN6). It controls the eye’s lateral rectus muscle, which moves the eye sideways, away from the nose. Where the pons (a band of ...

Cranial neuropathy occurs when there is damage to the cranial nerves in the brain or brain stem. Depending on the affected cranial nerve, people may experience different symptoms, such as weakness on ...

The Parareptilia, the sister group to the Eureptilia, is poorly known, with many taxa in need of adequate description. One such taxon, Macroleter poezicus is found in Middle Permian strata of the ...

We stood around the body planning our autopsy strategy. A scalpel, we realized, was not going to be the appropriate implement for this corpse, so we made our decision. It took all three of us to ...

Slow breathing and cold plunges promise calm. But real vagus nerve treatments are more complex and still under study.