Background Limited research has evaluated risk factors for low bone mineral density (BMD) in male adolescent athletes. Aims/objectives To evaluate predictors of low BMD (defined as BMD Z-score <−1.0) ...

Bone mineral density increases in most areas for transgender people during gender-confirming HT. Those assigned male at birth have no increase in lumbar spine BMD z score during HT.

DEAR DR. ROACH: The results for my last bone density test show not only a T-score but also a Z-score. For my spine (L1 through L4), the T-score is -3.4, while the Z-score is -1.4. Can you please ...

BMD was measured at the whole body, hip and lumbar spine with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and the BMD Z-score was calculated for each region taking into account age- and sex-matched reference ...

Low BMD was defined as a BMD Z-score and HAZ ≤−2 in adults and children, respectively, in addition to patients currently on bisphosphonate therapy.

Background: Decreased bone mineral density (BMD) has been reported in childhood cancer survivors (CCS). However, factors associated with low BMD in CCS are not well characterized. Objective: To ...

If the BMD Z-score is less than -2.0, the T-score is less than -2.5-3.0 or there is a history of low-trauma fracture (one that results from trauma equivalent to a fall from a standing height or ...

The Z-score is a comparison of a person's bone density with that of an average person of the same age and sex. Lower scores (more negative) mean lower bone density: ...